Cheque Bounce Cases: Section 138 NI Act-gi Mapungda Leiba Legal Remedies

Cheque bounce amasung adugi matung-inna leiba maheiroi khangba khangdaba khunai sing adu Indian courts singda amadi henna leiriba matamda yamna common oirabani. Negotiable Instruments Act aduda leiba ningthiba, matamda leiba time limits, amadi remedies sing adugi maramda khangba ngammi.

3 February 2026

Law Saral Editorial Team — Legal Research & Content Review

Adv. Harvijaysinh H. Gohil, Advocate — Bar Council of Gujarat · G/954/1994 দ্বারা পৰীক্ষা কৰা

ꯃꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯊꯤꯡꯗꯣꯛ

Cheque bounce — "dishonour of cheque" haina technically haijaba — India-da aduga yamna khangba legal issue-sing amani. Cheque ama legally enforceable debt-gi maramda issue touba matamda bank-na unpaid haina return touba matamda, adu Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881-gi makhada civil amasung criminal liability oina thokpada leitre.

Cheque Bounce haiba kari oirabani?

Cheque amasung makhoigi bank-na unpaid haina thadokpa matamda dishonoured oigani aduga makhoigi thadokpa gi maramda:

Drawer-gi account-da funds khara ngamde Bank-gi arrangement-da khara exceeding Drawer-na account close toure Drawer-na payment stop toure (stop payment instruction) Signature, date amasung adugi particulars-gi mismatch

মাপা খঙদৌনবা চেক সকলগী মাফমদা ক্রিমিনাল লায়াবিলিটি নখরকপ। সেকশন 138-দা বিশেষভাবে মাফমদা চেকগী কথা তম্বিরাম্মা খঙদৌনবা ফান্ড অমা ব্যাংক অরেঞ্জমেন্ট অমা তম্বিরাম্মা খঙদৌনবা মাফমদা খঙদৌনবা চেকগী কথা তম্বিরাম্মা খঙদৌনবা ফান্ড অমা ব্যাংক অরেঞ্জমেন্ট অমা তম্বিরাম্মা খঙদৌনবা মাফমদা খঙদৌনবা চেকগী কথা তম্বিরাম্মা খঙদৌনবা ফান্ড অমা ব্যাংক অরেঞ্জমেন্ট অমা তম্বিরাম্মা খঙদৌনবা মাফমদা খঙদৌনবা চেকগী কথা তম্বিরাম্মা খঙদৌনবা ফান্ড অমা ব্যাংক অরেঞ্জমেন্ট অমা তম্বিরাম্মা খঙদৌনবা মাফমদা খঙদৌনবা চেকগী কথা তম্বিরাম্মা খঙদৌনবা ফান্ড অমা ব্যাংক অরেঞ্জমেন্ট অমা তম্বিরাম্মা খঙদৌনবা মাফমদা খঙদৌনবা চেকগী কথা তম্বিরাম্মা খঙদৌনবা ফান্ড অমা ব্যাংক অরেঞ্জমেন্ট অমা তম্বিরাম্মা খঙদৌনবা মাফমদা খঙদৌনবা চেকগী কথা তম্বিরাম্মা খঙদৌনবা ফান্ড অমা ব্যাংক অরেঞ্জমেন্ট অমা তম্বিরাম্মা খঙদৌনবা মাফমদা খঙদৌনবা চেকগী কথা তম্বিরাম্মা খঙদৌনবা ফান্ড অমা ব্যাংক অরেঞ্জমেন্ট অমা তম্বিরাম্মা খঙদৌনবা মাফমদা খঙদৌনবা চেকগী কথা তম্বিরাম্মা খঙদ

মূলবিন্দি আইনগত প্ৰয়োজনীয়তা

Section 138-a gi maiyokta case amadi oirabadi, khangdaba matamda khara phangjaba yaorak-u:

1. Cheque asi legally enforceable debt amadi liability oirabani haina thoklaganu — Cheque asi amasung amasungna leiriba khudongchaba amadi phangba oiba khudongchaba amasung phangba oiba khudongchaba amasung phangba oiba khudongchaba amasung phangba oiba khudongchaba amasung phangba oiba khudongchaba amasung phangba oiba khudongchaba amasung phangba oiba khudongchaba amasung phangba oiba khudongchaba amasung phangba oiba khudongchaba amasung phangba oiba khudongchaba amasung phangba oiba khudongchaba amasung phangba oiba khudongchaba amasung phangba oiba khudongchaba amasung phangba oiba khudongchaba amasung phangba oiba khudongchaba amasung phangba oiba khudongchaba amasung phangba oiba khudongchaba amasung phangba oiba khudongchaba amasung phangba oiba khudongchaba amasung phangba oiba khudongchaba amasung phangba oiba khudongchaba amasung phangba oiba khudongchaba amasung phangba oiba khudongchaba amasung phangba oiba khudongchaba amasung phangba oiba khudongchaba amasung phangba oiba khudongchaba amasung phangba oiba khudongchaba amasung phangba oiba khudongchaba amasung phangba oiba khudongchaba amasung phangba oiba khudongchaba amasung phangba oiba khudongchaba amasung phangba oiba khudongchaba amasung phangba oiba khudongchaba amasung phangba oiba khudongchaba amasung phangba oiba khudongchaba amasung phangba oiba khudongchaba amasung phangba oiba khudongchaba amasung phangba oiba khudongchaba amasung phangba oiba khudongchaba amasung phangba oiba khudongchaba amasung phangba oiba khudongchaba amasung phangba oiba

2. Cheque-gi validity period-gi makhada present touba yaba ni — Cheque ama khudongchaba matamda 3 months gi matung-inna valid oiraba ni. Masigi matamda cheque asi deposit touba yaba ni.

3. Cheque asi bank-na dishonour tourabani — Bank-na cheque asi memo amadi dishonour touriba maikei sahit hallak-i pirabani.

4. Payee-na demand notice thokpa toujage — Bank-gi dishonour memo piba matamda 30 numit makhaida, payee-na drawer-da payment thokpa yaodana ikai khumnaba notice thokpa toujage.

5. Drawer-na potlamda phangdaba yaorak-u — Drawer-na demand notice phangba matungda 15 numit within-gi makhada potlamda phangdaba yaorak-u tarammi, payee-na complaint file touribiyu.

Khudong Khudong Thouram

Phase 1: Demand Notice

Cheque bounce houba matamda, payee-na (money owed touriba mi) toukhraba phangba yaoraba adu asumna toukhrabani:

Bank-gi return memo amasung dishonour-gi reason khanghanba phangjillu. Legal demand notice ama draft toubu: Cheque-gi details (number, date, amount, bank) Cheque asi issue touba reason (underlying debt) 15 days-gi makhada payment demand touba Notice asi dishonour-gi 30 days-gi makhada registered post nattraga speed post-gi maramda thadok-u. Dispatch amasung delivery-gi proof phangjillu.

Phase 2: Complaint Thokpa

যদি ড্ৰ'ৱাৰ-জনে নোটিচ পাই ১৫ দিনৰ ভিতৰত পইচা নিদিয়ে:

Metropolitan Magistrate amadi Judicial Magistrate-na jurisdiction leiba matungda Section 138 makha criminal complaint submit tou. Complaint asi 30 days within submit touraga toubirakpa 15-day notice period asi khangdaba matungda (total window: dishonour toubirakpa matungda 75 days yamna). Supporting documents asi attach tou: cheque, bank return memo, demand notice, postal receipt, amadi underlying transaction-gi proof.

Phase 3: Trial

Court-na summons ama accused-da issue toure Nungsiba khuding makhoina evidence present toure Cheque ama issue amadi dishonour oirabani haibadu prove toubagi burden adu complainant-gi mathakta yamna leire Adu oirabada, legal presumption ama oina leitre haibadu cheque adu legally enforceable debt-gi maramda issue toure haibani Accused-na presumption asi rebut toubagi mathakta leitre

Penalties amasung Remedies

যদি দোষী সাব্যস্ত হয়, তেন্তে চেক লিখনকারীনা তাড়না খঙখতখ্রে:

Imprisonment 2 years semjinba Fine cheque amaangba machat khara Compensation complainant-ta (court-na monetary compensation award touribra)

Complainant-na civil recovery adu amasung ama leiringeida leirabasu thok-hanbiyu.

Laktaba Thouram Khara

| Step | Time Limit | |------|-----------| | Cheque amasung bank-da present tourakpa | Cheque date-gi 3 months within-gi | | Demand notice send tourakpa | Dishonour-gi 30 days within-gi | | Drawer-na payment tourakpa time | Notice piba 15 days within-gi | | Complaint file tourakpa | 15-day notice period khangba 30 days within-gi |

Houjikki Thoudang Amadi Punsi

Interim Compensation: Courts amasung trial matungda accused-na cheque amount-gi 20% phaoba interim compensation paiduna, khudongchaba partial relief pibibagi matung inna direction pibigani.

Compounding: Cheque bounce cases amasung appeal gi matamda leiringeida, aduga matam pumnamakta compounding (party singna leiringeida) tourakpa ngamgani. Masibu mapung phana leiringeida khudingmakta leiriba phangba ngamgani.

Electronic Evidence: Banking amasung digital na changba matamda, electronic records amasung bank statements adu masakna certified tourabadi evidence oina lousinba ngamgani.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

30-day notice deadline khangdaba — Masibu case asi thadokpa matamda maral oigani Demand notice asi khangdaba — Notice asi cheque gi khudol amasung payment gi demand asi thourangba phanghanba ngamdabani Jurisdiction thikpa nattaba — Court thikpa nattaba filing na matam phamthokpa fangani Documentation phangba nattaba — Original cheque, return memo, notice amasung postal receipts asi phangthokpada leiba ngammi Underlying debt asi khangdaba — Cheque asi enforceable obligation amadi genuine oiraba amasung issue touriba oirabani khangdaba ngamdabani

ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯦꯜ ꯀꯤꯅꯗꯦꯔꯦꯕꯝꯁ

মেডিয়েশন প্রথম: আইনি নোটিশ পাঠানোর আগে ড্রয়ারক্কী অনানুষ্ঠানিকভাবে যোগাযোগ তৌবিরকু খিয়মজারি একাধিক চেক: প্রতিটা বাউন্স চেক এক একটাক্কী পৃথক অপরাধ ওয়খি কোম্পানির চেক: কোম্পানির চেক বাউন্স তৌদ্রবা মখা, কোম্পানির কার্যকলাপদা দায়িত্বশীল ডিরেক্টরসিংহক্কীও দায়ী ওয়খি খরচ: যদ্দপিও প্রক্রিয়াটি তুলনামূলকভাবে সরল, আইনি প্রতিনিধি থৌদ্রবা প্রসিডিউরাল প্রয়োজনীয়তাসিংহক্কী সমাধান তৌবিরকু সাহায্য তৌখি

Khutlai

Cheque bounce cases amasung India-da pending litigation-gi khara khudongchaba matung inna leiriba makhal ama oigani. Procedural requirements sing — khudol khudol timeline sing, demand notice amasung complaint filing gi — khangba khangba thokpa khudingmak oirabani. Deadline ama khara phangdraba matamda, makhoigi claim adu valid oirabasu, enforcable oigadaba oigani.

*Eigi article asi adu amasung thabak aduda phangba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda khangba amasung leiba matamda kh